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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
Kidney disease that leads to the need for dialysis or kidney transplantation. Many—but not all—patients and families with this disease have an elevation in serum potassium and unexplained anemia relatively early in life. Patients with a mutation in this gene can have a variable rate of loss of kidney function, with some individuals going on dialysis in their 40s while others may not go on dialysis until into their 70s. This is a rare inherited kidney disease that exists in less than 1% of people with kidney disease.[16]Clinical applications[edit]An over-active renin-angiotensin system leads to vasoconstriction and retention of sodium and water. These effects lead to hypertension. Therefore, renin inhibitors can be used for the treatment of hypertension.[17][18] This is measured by the plasma renin activity (PRA).In current medical practice, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system's overactivity (and resultant hypertension) is more commonly reduced using either ACE inhibitors (such as ramipril and perindopril) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs, such as losartan, irbesartan or candesartan) rather than a direct oral renin inhibitor. ACE inhibitors or ARBs are also part of the standard treatment after a heart attack.The differential diagnosis of kidney cancer in a young patient with hypertension includes juxtaglomerular cell tumor (reninoma), Wilms' tumor, and renal cell carcinoma, all of which may produce renin.[19]Renin is usually measured as the plasma renin activity (PRA). PRA is measured specially in case of certain diseases that present with hypertension or hypotension. PRA is also raised in certain tumors.[20] A PRA measurement may be compared to a plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) as a PAC/PRA ratio.Discovery and naming[edit]The name renin = ren + -in, "kidney" + "compound". The most common pronunciation in English is (long e); (short e) is also common, but using allows one to reserve for rennin. Renin was discovered, characterized, and named in 1898 by Robert Tigerstedt, Professor of Physiology, and his student, Per Bergman, at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.[21][22]Angiotensin-converting enzymePlasma renin activityRenin inhibitorRenin stability regulatory element (REN-SRE)^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000143839 – Ensembl, May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.^ "Mouse
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